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Technical Assistance (TA): The provision of targeted and customized supports by a professional(s) with subject matter expertise and adult learning knowledge and competencies. In an early education setting, TA is typically provided to teaching and administrative staff to improve the quality of services and supports they provide to children and families.
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): A federally funded grant program, created upon the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996, that provides funds to states, territories, and tribes to design and operate programs that help needy families achieve economic security and child and family well-being, including through the provision of child care services. States vary in how they administer CCDF and TANF. Lead agencies may operate the two programs jointly or may align particular policies and practices across programs. In some states, families interact with both programs as the operation of particular functions of child care assistance (e.g., eligibility determination, authorization, redetermination, etc.) may be distributed across programs. States can utilize several methods for using TANF funds to pay for child care, such as commingling and/or transferring a portion of their TANF funds to their state's CCDF, or spending TANF directly for child care. TANF replaced the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training (JOBS).
Therapeutic Child Care: Services or programming geared toward at risk children, such as those living in homeless shelters or victims of violence or neglect. Therapeutic child care is commonly an integrated component of a well-structured treatment program in which services are provided by professional and paraprofessional staff in a safe, nurturing, and stimulating environments.
Tiered Reimbursement System: A subsidy payment system that offers higher payments for child care programs that meet higher quality standards or for child care that is in short supply. Some states systematically leverage tiered reimbursements for programs that attain national accreditation and/or higher quality ratings in their states' QRIS. These states typically refer to their systems as Tiered Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (TQRIS).
Title 1: Part of the original Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) legislation of 1965 that was designed to provide fair, equitable and high-quality education to all children, to reduce achievement gaps and improve academic performance among students living in poverty. Title 1, Part A allows LEAs to use their Title 1 funds for Preschool programs and services to improve educational outcomes for children up to the age at which the LEA provides free public elementary education.
Toxic Stress: A term to describe the kinds of negative experiences that can affect brain architecture and brain chemistry, particularly in a developing child. Examples include strong, frequent/chronic, and/or prolonged exposure to adversity such as physical or emotional abuse, neglect, violence, and/or the accumulated burdens of family economic hardship, without adequate adult support.
Transitional Child Care: Child care subsidies offered to families that are no longer income eligible for public assistance, generally due to employment, as they transition to greater financial independence. The Family Support Act of 1986 established a federal Transitional Child Care program, which was later replaced by the CCDF.
Trauma Informed Care (TIC): Refers to an approach used in working with children exposed to traumatic events or conditions. Children exposed to trauma may display heightened aggression, poor social skills and impulsivity; and may struggle academically to engage in risk-training or other challenging behaviors. Service providers and family members that are trained in TIC learn effective ways to interact with these children, such as by helping them cope with traumatic "triggers," supporting their emotion regulation skills, maintaining predictable routines, and using effective behavior management strategies.
Tribal Child Care: Publicly supported child care programs offered by Native American Tribes in the United States. Federally recognized tribes can become CCDF grantees and receive implementation and training support through the OCC's National Center on Tribal Early Childhood Development (NCTECD). When receiving public funding, tribal child care programs are subject to regulatory requirements and oversight.
Two-Generation Programs: Programs that provide comprehensive services for both parents/families and children in order to promote healthy child development and economic self-sufficiency. In two generation programs, services such as job training, parent education and housing assistance are provided along with early education programs.
Typically Developing Child: Refers to a child whose development follows a "normal" course. The acquisition of certain developmental milestones is often used to gauge such development. Typical development is the most appropriate way to describe a child who does not have special needs.
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): A federally funded grant program, created upon the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996, that provides funds to states, territories, and tribes to design and operate programs that help needy families achieve economic security and child and family well-being, including through the provision of child care services. States vary in how they administer CCDF and TANF. Lead agencies may operate the two programs jointly or may align particular policies and practices across programs. In some states, families interact with both programs as the operation of particular functions of child care assistance (e.g., eligibility determination, authorization, redetermination, etc.) may be distributed across programs. States can utilize several methods for using TANF funds to pay for child care, such as commingling and/or transferring a portion of their TANF funds to their state's CCDF, or spending TANF directly for child care. TANF replaced the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training (JOBS).
Therapeutic Child Care: Services or programming geared toward at risk children, such as those living in homeless shelters or victims of violence or neglect. Therapeutic child care is commonly an integrated component of a well-structured treatment program in which services are provided by professional and paraprofessional staff in a safe, nurturing, and stimulating environments.
Tiered Reimbursement System: A subsidy payment system that offers higher payments for child care programs that meet higher quality standards or for child care that is in short supply. Some states systematically leverage tiered reimbursements for programs that attain national accreditation and/or higher quality ratings in their states' QRIS. These states typically refer to their systems as Tiered Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (TQRIS).
Title 1: Part of the original Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) legislation of 1965 that was designed to provide fair, equitable and high-quality education to all children, to reduce achievement gaps and improve academic performance among students living in poverty. Title 1, Part A allows LEAs to use their Title 1 funds for Preschool programs and services to improve educational outcomes for children up to the age at which the LEA provides free public elementary education.
Toxic Stress: A term to describe the kinds of negative experiences that can affect brain architecture and brain chemistry, particularly in a developing child. Examples include strong, frequent/chronic, and/or prolonged exposure to adversity such as physical or emotional abuse, neglect, violence, and/or the accumulated burdens of family economic hardship, without adequate adult support.
Transitional Child Care: Child care subsidies offered to families that are no longer income eligible for public assistance, generally due to employment, as they transition to greater financial independence. The Family Support Act of 1986 established a federal Transitional Child Care program, which was later replaced by the CCDF.
Trauma Informed Care (TIC): Refers to an approach used in working with children exposed to traumatic events or conditions. Children exposed to trauma may display heightened aggression, poor social skills and impulsivity; and may struggle academically to engage in risk-training or other challenging behaviors. Service providers and family members that are trained in TIC learn effective ways to interact with these children, such as by helping them cope with traumatic "triggers," supporting their emotion regulation skills, maintaining predictable routines, and using effective behavior management strategies.
Tribal Child Care: Publicly supported child care programs offered by Native American Tribes in the United States. Federally recognized tribes can become CCDF grantees and receive implementation and training support through the OCC's National Center on Tribal Early Childhood Development (NCTECD). When receiving public funding, tribal child care programs are subject to regulatory requirements and oversight.
Two-Generation Programs: Programs that provide comprehensive services for both parents/families and children in order to promote healthy child development and economic self-sufficiency. In two generation programs, services such as job training, parent education and housing assistance are provided along with early education programs.
Typically Developing Child: Refers to a child whose development follows a "normal" course. The acquisition of certain developmental milestones is often used to gauge such development. Typical development is the most appropriate way to describe a child who does not have special needs.